Surah Al-Jumu’ah Ayat 5 (62:5 Quran) With Tafsir

Ala-Maududi

(62:5) The parable of those who were charged with the Torah and then they failed to live up to it^[7] is that of a donkey^[8] laden with books. Even more evil is the parable of the people who gave the lie to the Signs of Allah.^[9] Allah does not direct such wrong-doers to the Right Way.

7. This sentence has two meanings, a general meaning and a special meaning. The general meaning is that the people who were entrusted with the knowledge and practice of the Torah and with the responsibility of guiding the world according to it, neither understood this responsibility nor discharged it as they should have. The special meaning is being the bearers of the Torah these people should have been foremost to join hands with the Messenger (peace be upon him), good news about whose advent had been already given in the Torah, but, instead, they have been in the forefront to oppose him and have thus failed to fulfill the demand of the teaching of the Torah.

8. That is, just as a donkey loaded with books does not know what it is loaded with, so are these people loaded with the Torah and they do not know what this Book was sent for and what are its demands.

9. That is, they are even worst than a donkey, who is without sense and therefore is excusable. But these people have intelligence, they read and teach the Torah and are fully aware of its meaning. Yet they are turning away from its guidance and refusing willfully to acknowledge and believe in the Prophet (peace be upon him) who even according to the Torah teaches the truth. They are guilty not because of ignorance but because of denying Allah’s revelation deliberately.

Ibn-Kathir

5. The likeness of those who were entrusted with the Tawrah, but did not carry it, is as the likeness of a donkey which carries huge burdens of books. How bad is the example of people who deny the Ayat of Allah. And Allah does not guide the people who are wrongdoers. 6. Say: “O you Jews! If you pretend that you are friends of Allah, to the exclusion of (all) other people, then long for death if you are truthful.” 7. But they will never long for it, because of what their hands have sent before them! And Allah knows well the wrongdoers. 8. Say: “Verily, the death from which you flee, will surely meet you, then you will be sent back to the Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He will inform you about what you used to do.”

Allah the Exalted admonishes the Jews who were entrusted with the Tawrah and were ordered to abide by it. However, they did not abide by it, and this is why Allah resembled them to the donkey that carries volumes of books. Surely, when the donkey carries books, it will not understand what these books contain because it is only carrying these books using its strength. This is the example of those who were entrusted with the Tawrah; they read its letter but did not understand its meanings nor abided by them. Rather, they even corrupted and changed the Tawrah. Therefore, they are worse than the donkey, because the donkey cannot understand. They, on the other hand, could have understood using their minds, but their minds were of no benefit. This is why Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,

(They are like cattle, nay even more astray; those! They are the heedless.) (7:179), and said,

(How bad is the example of people who deny the Ayat of Allah. And Allah does not guide the people who are wrongdoers.) Allah the Exalted said,

(Say: “O you Jews! If you pretend that you are friends of Allah, to the exclusion of other people, then long for death if you are truthful.”) meaning, `if you claim that you are on the correct guidance and that Muhammad and his Companions are being led astray, then invoke Allah to bring death to the misguided group among the two, if you are truthful in your claim.’ Allah said,

(But they will never long for it, because of what their hands have sent before them!) meaning because of the disbelief, injustice and sins that they commit,

(And Allah knows well the wrongdoers.) We mentioned this challenge to the Jews before in Surat Al-Baqarah, where Allah said,

(Say: “If the home of the Hereafter with Allah is indeed for you specially and not for others, of mankind, then long for death if you are truthful.” But they will never long for it because of what their hands have sent forth before them. And Allah is Aware of the wrongdoers. And verily, you will find them the greediest of mankind for life and (even greedier) than those who ascribe partners to Allah. One of them wishes that he could be given a life of a thousand years. But the grant of such life will not save him even a little from punishment. And Allah is Seer of what they do.) (2:94-96) We explained these meanings there, stating that the challenge was for the Jews to invoke Allah to destroy the misguided group, either they or their enemies. We also mentioned a similar challenge against the Christians in Surah Al `Imran,

(Then whoever disputes with you concerning him ﴿`Isa﴾ after (all this) knowledge that has come to you, say: “Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves — then we pray and invoke the curse of Allah upon those who lie.”)(3:61) and against the idolators, in Surah Maryam,

(Say whoever is in error, the Most Gracious will extend ﴿circumstances﴾ for him.)(19:75) Imam Ahmad, may Allah be pleased with him recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, “Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him, said, `If I see Muhammad praying at the Ka`bah, I will step on his neck.’ When the Prophet heard of that, he said,

(Had he done so, the angels would have snatched him away in public. Had the Jews wished for death, they would all have perished and saw their seats in Hellfire. Had those accepted for invoking the curse of Allah with Allah’s Messenger, they would not have found families or property when they returned home.)” Al-Bukhari, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa’i recorded it. His saying;

(Say: “Verily, the death from which you flee will surely meet you, then you will be sent back to the Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He will inform you about what you used to do.”) is like His saying in Surat An-Nisa’:

(Wheresoever you may be, death will overtake you even if you are in fortresses built up strong and high.)