Surah Furqan Ayat 68 (25:68 Quran) With Tafsir

Ala-Maududi

(25:68) who invoke no other deity along with Allah, nor take any life – which Allah has forbidden – save justly; who do not commit unlawful sexual intercourse^[84] – and whoso does that shall meet its penalty;

84. The true servants refrain from three great sins: shirk, murder and adultery. The Prophet (peace be upon him) himself warned of their gravity. According to Abdullah bin Masud, when someone asked him about the worst sins, he replied, (1) It is to set up someone as equal in rank with Allah, Who has created you. (2) To kill your own child for fear of its sustenance. (3) To commit adultery with the wife of your neighbor. (Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmizi, Nasai, Ahmad). Obviously this is not a complete list of the heinous sins. But these three instances have been cited because they were most prevalent in the Arab society of those days.

As regards to the inclusion of refraining from shirk among the excellences of the true servants, one may ask why it should be presented as virtue before the disbelievers who did not regard shirk as a vice. It is because the Arabs had doubts about the doctrine of shirk even though they appeared to be deeply involved in it. This is amply supported by their history. For instance, when Abraha invaded Makkah, the Quraish did not invoke their idols to save the Kabah from him, but they begged Allah to save it. Their contemporary poetry bears sufficient evidence that they regarded the destruction of the people of the elephant due to Allah’s power and supernatural interference and not due to any help of their idols. The Quraish and the polytheists of Arabia had also come to know that when Abraha reached Taif on his way to Makkah, the people of Taif had offered him their services to destroy the Kabah and had even provided him guides to take him safely to Makkah through the hills, for fear that he might also destroy the temple of Lat, their chief deity. This event so much offended the Arabs that for years after this they continued pelting the grave of the chief guide with stones for retaliation. Moreover, the Quraish and the other Arabs attributed their creed to Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) and looked upon their religious and social customs and their Hajj rites as part of Abraham’s religion. They knew that Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) was a worshiper of Allah and not of idols. They also had traditions to show as to when they had started idol worship, and which idol had been brought from where, when and by whom. The fact is that the common Arab did not have much of reverence for his idols. He would even speak insultingly of it and withheld his offerings when it failed to fulfill his wishes and prayers. For instance, there is the story of an Arab who wanted to avenge the murder of his father. He went to the temple of his idol, Zul-Khalasah, and wanted to take an omen. The response came that he should abandon his intention. At this the Arab became furious and cried out: O Zul-Khalasah! Had you been in my place, and your father was murdered, you would not have said that the murderers should not be punished. Another Arab took his herd of camels to the shrine of his god, named Saad, for seeking its blessings. It was a tall idol which had been smeared with sacrificial blood. On seeing it, the camels became terrified and started running in all directions. The Arab was so filled with rage that he started pelting the idol with stones, shouting: May God destroy you. I had come to you to seek blessings for my camels, but you have deprived me of all of them. There were certain idols about whose origin filthy stories were current. For instance, the story about Asaf and Nailah whose images had been placed at Safa and Marwa, was that they were actually a man and a woman, who had committed adultery inside the Holy Kabah and had been turned into stone by God as a punishment. When the deities had such reputation, no worshiper could cherish any reverence for them in his heart. From this one can easily understand that the Arabs did recognize the value of true God worship deep in their hearts, but, on the one hand, it had been suppressed by ancient customs and ways of ignorance, and on the other, the priestly class among the Quraish had vested interests, who were busy creating prejudices against it among the people. They could not give up idol worship because such a step would have brought to an end to their supremacy in Arabia. That is why, refraining from shirk and worship of One Allah has been mentioned as a mark of superiority of the followers of the Prophet (peace be upon him) without any fear of contradiction by the disbelievers, for even they in their hearts knew that it was a weighty argument against them.

Ibn-Kathir

68. And those who invoke not any other god along with Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for just cause, nor commit illegal sexual intercourse — and whoever does this shall receive Athama. 69. The torment will be doubled for him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein in disgrace; 70. Except those who repent and believe, and do righteous deeds; for those, Allah will change their sins into good deeds, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. 71. And whosoever repents and does righteous good deeds; then indeed he has repented to Allah Mataba.

Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, “The Messenger of Allah was asked which sin is the most serious” He said:

(That you appoint a rival to Allah when He has created you.) He asked, “Then what” He said:

(That you kill your child for fear that he may eat with you.) He said, “Then what” He said:

(That you commit adultery with your neighbor’s wife.) `Abdullah said, “Then Allah revealed, confirming that:

(And those who invoke not any other god along with Allah….)” This was also recorded by An-Nasa’i, and by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. It was narrated that Sa`id bin Jubayr heard Ibn `Abbas saying that some of the people of Shirk killed a great deal and committed Zina a great deal, then they came to Muhammad and said: “What you are saying and calling people to is good, if only you would tell us that there is a way to expiate for what we have done.” Then the Ayah:

(And those who invoke not any other god along with Allah…) was revealed, as was the Ayah,

(Say: “O My servants who have transgressed against themselves!”) (39:53).

(and whoever does this shall receive Athama.) It was recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said: “Athama is a valley in Hell.” `Ikrimah also said that Athama refers to valleys in Hell in which those who commit unlawful sexual acts will be punished. This was also narrated from Sa`id bin Jubayr and Mujahid. As-Suddi said that Athama referred to punishment, which is closer to the apparent meaning of the Ayah. This interpretation makes it interchangeable with what comes next, the Ayah:

(The torment will be doubled for him on the Day of Resurrection,) i.e., repetitive and intensified.

(and he will abide therein in disgrace;) scorned and humiliated.

(Except those who repent and believe, and do righteous deeds;) means, those who do these evil deeds will be punished in the manner described,

(Except those who repent), that is; those who repent in this world to Allah from all of those deeds, for then Allah will accept their repentance. This is evidence that the repentance of the murderer is acceptable, and there is no contradiction between this and the Ayah in Surat An-Nisa’:

(And whoever kills a believer intentionally) (4:93), because even though this was revealed in Al-Madinah, the meaning is general, and it could be interpreted to refer to one who does not repent, because this Ayah states that forgiveness is only for those who repent. Moreover Allah says:

(Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him, but He forgives except that to whom He wills) (4:48). And in the authentic Sunnah, it is reported from the Messenger of Allah that the repentance of a murderer is acceptable, as was stated in the story of the person who killed one hundred men and then repented, and Allah accepted his repentance, and other Hadiths.

(for those, Allah will change their sins into good deeds, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “The Messenger of Allah said:

(I know the last person who will be brought forth from Hell, and the last person who will enter Paradise. A man will be brought and it will be said, “Take away his major sins and ask him about his minor sins.” So it will be said to him: “On such and such a day, you did such and such, and on such and such a day, you did such and such.” He will say, “Yes, and he will not be able to deny anything.” Then it will be said to him: “For every evil deed you now have one good merit.” He will say: “O Lord, I did things that I do not see here.”) He (Abu Dharr) said: “And the Messenger of Allah smiled so broadly that his molars could be seen.” Muslim recorded it. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Jabir heard Makhul say, “A very old man with sunken eyes came and said, `O Messenger of Allah, a man betrayed others and did immoral deeds, and there was no evil deed which he did not do. If (his sins) were to be distributed among the whole of mankind, they would all be doomed. Is there any repentance for him” The Messenger of Allah said:

(Have you become Muslim) He said, “As for me, I bear witness that there is no God but Allah Alone, with no partner or associate, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.” The Prophet said:

(Allah will forgive you for whatever you have done like that, and will replace your evil deeds with good merits.) The man said: “O Messenger of Allah, even my betrayals and immoral actions” The Prophet said:

(Even your betrayals and immoral actions.) “The man went away saying `La ilaha illallah’ and `Allahu Akbar.”’ Allah tells us how His mercy extends to all His creatrues, and that whoever among them repents to Him, He will accept his repentance for any sin, great or small. Allah says:

(And whosoever repents and does righteous good deeds; then indeed he has repented to Allah Mataba.) meaning, Allah will accept his repentance. This is like the Ayat:

(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah’s forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful) (4:110).

(Know they not that Allah accepts repentance from His servants…) (9:104).

(Say: “O My servants who have transgressed against themselves! Despair not of the mercy of Allah.”) (39:53) – for those who repent to Him.